ABSTRACT
Introduction: COVID-19 vaccine have been indicated to successfully decrease the hazard for symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection furthermore associated hospitalisations. Objective: To study the immune response among different types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Methods: This study includes 100 vaccinated individuals (43 Sinopharm, 30 AstraZeneca and 27 Pfizer) with one or two doses from different health centres in Baghdad. During the period from April 2021 to the end of May 2021, SARS-CoV-2 IgG and SARS-CoV-2 IgM levels were detected using AFIAS-6 device depending on FIA (Fluorescence Immunoassay) technique. Results: 93% of the cases were positive for IgG levels, and negative in 7% cases. Coronavirus IgM concentrations for all individuals were negative. The highest IgG mean level was seen in vaccinated persons with Pfizer than AstraZeneca (34.41, 26.29 respectively) and the lowest mean value was detected in Sinopharm (23.76). There was a significant elevation in IgG levels in the previously infected group in comparison with non-infected individuals. IgG levels decrease in antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in older individuals compared to younger participants. Also, results reported that SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels increased in males who were vaccinated with Pfizer and AstraZeneca more than females, while there is a significant decrease in IgG levels in vaccinated males with Sinopharm as compared to females. Conclusion: Different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 produce different levels of IgG. Copyright (c) 2022: Author(s).
ABSTRACT
Novel coronavirus the global worldwide health problem that infects the upper and lower part of respiratory tract started in December, 2019 in Wuhan, China. Correlation between immunoglobulin levels and laboratory parameters helps in the diagnosis of covid-19 and its severity. Eighty-three individuals were enrolled in the study, 59 of them diagnosed as infected patients, and the other 24 participants were healthy control. Laboratory test and levels of IgM and IgG was done for both groups. Patients showing a significant increase in the levels of D-dimer, Ferritin, LDH and CRP (p-value: 0.0018, 0.0001, 0.0001 and 0.0007, respectively) and a significant decrease in the erythrocytes count and lymphocytes (0.0001 and 0.0097 respectively). There is no significant difference between patients and healthy individuals in leukocytes count, neutrophils count, and platelets (PLTs) count. Also, there is a high significant correlation between the concentration of IgM and all laboratory findings, and an expressive correlation between IgG levels and D-Dimer, Ferritin, LDH and Neutrophil count only. There is a highly significant interconnection between the age of patients and levels of IgM and IgG. This study concluded that the routine laboratory tests may be used early as a parameter of the severity of infection, detection of IgM and IgG levels could play a significant role in the covid-19 prognosis and diagnosis. There is a close relation between the laboratory assay and immunoglobulin state in infected patients.
ABSTRACT
Tamoxifen (TAM) is the oldest and the most-prescribed selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). It is a member of the triphenylethylene group. TAM has been used to treat breast cancer that spreads to other parts of the human body;it is also utilized to decreasing the chances of breast cancer developing in high-risk patients. Recently, some studies focused on the potential antimicrobial action of TAM. Coronaviruses are enveloped positive-sense RNA nucleic acid viruses that have club-like spikes, characterized by a distinctive replication strategy;they are round and sometimes pleomorphic in shape. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is regarding the new genera of coronaviredia that appeared for the first time in Wuhan, China, in early December 2019. Due to the continuous spread of the novel COVID-19 with the exponential rise in death numbers, new therapeutic development is urgent;in general, there are no specific antiviral drugs or vaccines for 2019-nCoV. Hence, this review will discuss the most recent information about the antiviral action of TAM against COVID-19 infection by trying to give a deep understanding of major properties, mechanisms of action, immune system responses, and antimicrobial efficiency of TAM that is regarding the promising way to treat COVID-19 novel infection. The current review may serve as an impetus for researchers working in the field of medical microbiology, vaccination, and antiviral drug design. The review also rationally reports and critically analyzes the available knowledge by focusing and mentioning future steps and strategies trying to find appropriate solutions regarding challenges in COVID-19 management by TAM utilization. © 2020 Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal (BBRJ) ;Published by Wolters Kluwer . Medknow.